Khabarovsk Krai
| Khabarovsk Krai (English) Хабаровский край (Russian) |
|
|---|---|
| - Krai - | |
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|
 Coat of arms of Khabarovsk Krai |
 Flag of Khabarovsk Krai |
| Anthem | None |
| Political status | |
| Country | Russia |
| Political status | Krai |
| Federal district | Far Eastern[1] |
| Economic region | Far Eastern[2] |
| Administrative center | Khabarovsk |
| Official language | Russian[3] |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2002 Census)[4] | 1,436,570 inhabitants |
| - Rank within Russia | 35th |
| - Urban[4] | 80.6% |
| - Rural[4] | 19.4% |
| - Density | 1.82 /km2 (4.7 /sq mi)[5] |
| Area (as of the 2002 Census)[6] | 788,600 km2 (304,480.2 sq mi) |
| - Rank within Russia | 4th |
| Established | October 20, 1938 |
| License plates | 27 |
| ISO 3166-2:RU | RU-KHA |
| Time zone | VLAT/VLAST (UTC+10/+11) |
| Government (as of May 2009) | |
| Governor[7] | Vyacheslav Shport (acting)[8] |
| Legislature | Legislative Duma[9] |
| Charter | Charter of Khabarovsk Krai |
| Official website | |
| http://www.khabkrai.ru/ | |
Khabarovsk Krai (Russian: Хаба́ровский край, Khabarovsky kray) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the Russian Far East. It lies mostly in the basin of the lower Amur River, but also occupies a vast mountainous area along the coastline of the Sea of Okhotsk, an arm of the Pacific Ocean. The administrative center of the krai is the city of Khabarovsk. The indigenous people of the area are the Evenks, Negidals, Ulchs, Nanai, Oroch, Udege, and Amur Nivkhs.[10]
Contents |
History
400s-900
According to various Chinese and Korean records, the southern part of Khabarovsk Krai was originally occupied one of the five semi-nomadic Shiwei, the Bo Shiwei tribes and the Black Water Mohe tribes living respectively on the west and the east of the Bureinsky and the Malyi Khingan ranges.
1600s-1850
In 1643, Vassili Poyarkov's boats descended the Amur, returning to Yakutsk by the Sea of Okhotsk and the Aldan River, and in 1649–1650 Yerofey Khabarov occupied the banks of the Amur. The resistance of the Chinese, however, obliged the Cossacks to quit their forts, and by the Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689) Russia abandoned her advance into the basin of the river.
Although losing the rights to navigate the Amur River, the Chinese Qing Empire, however, never claimed the lower courses of the river. Nikolay Muravyov insisted on conducting an aggressive policy with China by claiming that the lower reaches of the Amur River belong to Russians.
Later in 1852, a Russian military expedition under Muravyov explored the Amur, and by 1857 a chain of Russian Cossacks and peasants were settled along the whole course of the river. The accomplished fact was recognized by China in 1858 by the Treaty of Aigun, recognized the Amur River as the boundary between Russia and Qing Empire, and granted Russia free access to the Pacific Ocean.
Geography
Khabarovsk Krai shares its borders with Magadan Oblast in the north, with the Sakha Republic and Amur Oblast in the west, with the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, People's Republic of China, and Primorsky Krai in the south, and is limited by the Sea of Okhotsk in the east. It is the fourth-largest federal district within the Russian Federation, with a comparative land area slightly larger than that of the U.S. state of Texas.
Taiga and tundra in the north, swampy forest in the central depression, and deciduous forest in the south are the natural vegetation in the area.
Economy
Khabarovsky Krai is the most industrialized territory of the Far East of Russia, producing 30% of the total industrial products in the Far Eastern Economic Region. The machine construction industry consists primarily of a highly developed military-industrial complex of large scale aircraft and ship building enterprises.[11] The Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association is currently one of among Khabarovsk Krai's most successful enterprises, and for years has been the largest taxpayer of the territory.[11] Other major industries include timberworking and fishing, along with metallurgy in the main cities, although the krai's own mineral resources are poorly developed. Komsomolsk-on-Amur is the iron and steel center of the Far East; a pipeline from northern Sakhalin supplies the petroleum-refining industry in the city of Khabarovsk. In the Amur basin, there is also some cultivation of wheat and soybeans. The capital city, Khabarovsk, is at the junction of the Amur River and the Trans-Siberian railway.
Demographics
According to the 2002 census, 89.8% of the population are Russians, 3.4% Ukrainians, 0.77% Nanais, 0.76% Tatars 0.66% Koreans and 0.62% Belarusians.
In addition to the Nanai, other indigenous groups include the Evenks and Evens in the northern part of the province, and Ulchs in the lower Amur river (Ulchsky District). Some Nivkhs (Gilyak), an indigenous fishing people speaking an isolate language, live around the Amur river delta as well. Smaller groups indigenous to the area are Negidals (567), Orochs (686), and Udege (1,657) according to the 2002 census
- Births (2008): 17,609 (12.6 per 1000)
- Deaths (2008): 19,075 (13.6 per 1000)[12]
- Urban Births (2008): 13,177 (11.7 per 1000)
- Rural Births (2008): 3,890 (14.2 per 1000)
- Urban Deaths (2008): 15,929 (14.1 per 1000)
- Rural Deaths (2008): 3,641 (13.3 per 1000) [13]
Birth rate for 2008 is 5.2% higher than that in 2007 and death rate is 1.4% lower. Birth rate was recorded at 11.6 for 2007 (11.1 for Urban areas and 13.8 for Rural areas). Death rate was 14.2 in 2007 (14.3 for Urban areas and 14.0 for Rural areas). Rural locations of Khabarovsk Krai had a positive natural growth of population in 2008 (For the first time in the last 16 years).[13]
Education
There are the following institutions of higher education in Khabarovsk Krai.[14][15]
- Pacific National University
- Far Eastern State University of Humanities
- Far Eastern State Medical University
- Khabarovsk State Academy of Economics and Law
- Far Eastern State Transport University
- Far Eastern Academy of Government Services
- Far Eastern State Physical Education University
- Khabarovsk State Institute of Arts and Culture
- Komsomolsk-on-Amur State Technical University
- Komsomolsk-on-Amur State Pedagogical institute
Sister districts
Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea.[16]
Hyogo Prefecture, Japan.[17]
Administrative divisions
Notes
- ↑ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000).
- ↑ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
- ↑ According to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia, Russian is the official language on the whole territory of the Russian Federation. Article 68.2 further stipulates that only the republics have the right to establish official languages other than Russian.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_04_1.htm. Retrieved 2010-03-01.
- ↑ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2002 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox is not necessarily reported for the same year as the Census (2002).
- ↑ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_03.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ↑ Charter, Article 4.3
- ↑ Official website of Khabarovsk Krai. Vyacheslav Ivanovich Shport (Russian)
- ↑ Charter, Article 4.2
- ↑ Chaussonnet, p.109
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/knaapo.htm
- ↑ http://habstat.gks.ru/digital/region1/OperInfo/Estestvennoe_dvizhenie.htm
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 http://habstat.gks.ru/digital/region1/OsnPokaz/Demografiia_naselen.htm
- ↑ The Institutions of Higher Education in Khabarovsk Krai
- ↑ The Universities in Khabarovsk
- ↑ Gyeongsangnam-do official website English
- ↑ Sister cities of the Hyogo Prefecture
References
- Хабаровская краевая Дума. №150 30 ноября 1995 г. «Устав Хабаровского края», в ред. Закона №202 от 30 июля 2008 г. (Khabarovsk Krai Duma. #150 November 30, 1995 Charter of Khabarovsk Krai, as amended by the Law #202 of July 30, 2008. ).
- Chaussonnet, Valerie (1995) Native Cultures of Alaska and Siberia. Arctic Studies Center. Washington, D.C. 112p. ISBN 1560986611
External links
Media related to Khabarovsk Krai at Wikimedia Commons- (English)Informations concerning the Shiwei tribes and their relationship with the Khitans
- (Russian) Brief history of Khabaovsk Krai